Understanding Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is a form of diabetes that shares characteristics with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system gradually attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a slow progression towards insulin dependence. LADA is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its later onset in adulthood.

Causes of LADA

LADA, like type 1 diabetes, is caused by an autoimmune response, but it develops more slowly. The exact cause is not fully understood, but factors that may contribute include:

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Environmental triggers, such as viral infections
  • Autoimmune response attacking insulin-producing cells

Symptoms of LADA

Because LADA progresses more gradually than type 1 diabetes, symptoms can be mild at first and worsen over time. Common symptoms include:

  • Increased thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow-healing wounds

Since LADA develops more slowly, many people are initially treated for type 2 diabetes before it becomes clear that they require insulin.

Diagnosing LADA

LADA is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its late onset, usually in people over the age of 30. However, specific tests can help differentiate it from type 2 diabetes:

  • Autoantibody tests: Detect autoimmune markers present in LADA
  • C-peptide test: Measures insulin production, which declines over time in LADA
  • Blood glucose and HbA1c tests: Monitor blood sugar levels

If you have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes but find that oral medications are ineffective, you should speak to your healthcare provider about being tested for LADA.

Managing LADA

LADA requires a different treatment approach than type 2 diabetes, as it progresses toward insulin dependence. Management typically includes:

  • Insulin therapy: While some individuals may initially manage blood sugar with oral medications, most will eventually require insulin
  • Blood sugar monitoring: Regular checks to maintain optimal glucose levels
  • Healthy eating: A balanced diet that manages carbohydrate intake
  • Physical activity: Regular exercise to help manage blood sugar levels

Because LADA progresses gradually, regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to adjust treatment as needed.