Understanding Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This results in little or no insulin being produced, meaning the body cannot regulate blood sugar levels properly. Unlike type 2 diabetes, type 1 is not linked to lifestyle factors and cannot be prevented.

Causes of Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, meaning the body’s immune system attacks its own cells. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some possible triggers include:

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Viral infections
  • Environmental factors

Unlike type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes is not caused by diet or lifestyle choices.

Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly, particularly in children and young adults. These can include:

  • Increased thirst
  • Frequent urination
  • Extreme tiredness
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Blurred vision
  • Slow healing of cuts and wounds
  • Fruity-smelling breath

If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes

Diagnosis is usually confirmed through:

  • Blood tests: Checking blood sugar levels
  • HbA1c test: Measuring average blood sugar levels over the past two to three months
  • Autoantibody tests: Identifying markers that indicate an autoimmune attack on the pancreas

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes

People with type 1 diabetes need lifelong insulin therapy, as their bodies no longer produce insulin. Management includes:

  • Insulin therapy: Administered via injections or an insulin pump
  • Blood sugar monitoring: Using finger-prick tests or continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems
  • Healthy eating: Managing carbohydrate intake to help control blood sugar levels
  • Exercise: Regular physical activity can help manage blood glucose levels but requires careful monitoring