
Type 1 Diabetes
While type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes are the most well-known types, there are also rare genetic forms of diabetes that can be inherited. These conditions are distinct from other types of diabetes and require specific diagnostic tests and treatments. Two key genetic forms of diabetes include Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) and Mitochondrial Diabetes.
MODY is a rare form of diabetes caused by a change (mutation) in a single gene. Unlike type 1 or type 2 diabetes, MODY typically develops before the age of 25, often runs in families, and is not linked to lifestyle factors or obesity.
MODY is caused by mutations in specific genes that affect insulin production. Some of the most common genes involved include:
The symptoms of MODY vary depending on the gene affected but may include:
MODY is often misdiagnosed as type 1 or type 2 diabetes. A genetic test is required to confirm the diagnosis. If you have a strong family history of diabetes diagnosed at a young age, genetic testing may be recommended.
The treatment for MODY depends on the gene mutation involved. Some forms of MODY can be managed with oral medications instead of insulin, while others may not require treatment at all. It is important to have regular check-ups with a specialist to determine the best treatment plan.
Mitochondrial diabetes is another rare genetic form of diabetes caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited from the mother. It can be associated with other health conditions, such as hearing loss.
Mitochondrial diabetes is caused by defects in the mitochondria, the part of the cell responsible for energy production. This can lead to problems with insulin secretion and energy metabolism.
Symptoms may include:
A genetic test is needed to confirm mitochondrial diabetes. If you have a family history of diabetes and hearing loss, genetic screening may be recommended.
Genetic forms of diabetes can be challenging to diagnose and manage. If you suspect you have a genetic form of diabetes, speak to your healthcare provider about genetic testing. Specialist diabetes clinics and genetic counselling services can provide further support and guidance.