Understanding Type 3c Diabetes

Most people are familiar with type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes, but there are other types that are less well known. One of these is type 3c diabetes, also known as pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus or diabetes related to disorders of the pancreas.

Type 3c diabetes occurs when the pancreas is damaged and cannot produce enough insulin. Despite being different from type 2 diabetes, it is often misdiagnosed due to a lack of awareness. Getting the right diagnosis is crucial, as it affects the treatment and management of the condition.

Causes of Type 3c Diabetes

Type 3c diabetes develops when the pancreas is damaged and cannot produce enough insulin. The pancreas also produces enzymes that help digest food, and this function can also be affected. The damage to the pancreas can be caused by:

  • Acute pancreatitis
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Haemochromatosis (a condition causing excess iron in the body)
  • Surgical removal of the pancreas due to illness or injury

If you have a history of pancreatic disease or surgery, you should inform your healthcare team so they can assess your risk for type 3c diabetes.

Symptoms of Type 3c Diabetes

Because type 3c diabetes affects both blood sugar regulation and digestion, symptoms can include:

  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Stomach pain
  • Fatigue
  • Frequent wind or bloating
  • Diarrhoea
  • Fatty or oily stools (steatorrhoea)
  • Low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia)

If you experience any of these symptoms, speak to your healthcare provider as soon as possible.

Diagnosing Type 3c Diabetes

Many people with type 3c diabetes are initially diagnosed with type 2 diabetes because type 3c is less well known. However, if you have a history of pancreatic disease, your healthcare team should assess you for type 3c diabetes. If you are unsure whether you have been assessed for this, you can ask your doctor to review your medical history and symptoms.

Managing Type 3c Diabetes

Managing type 3c diabetes can be challenging because it depends on the extent of pancreatic damage. The treatment approach is different from type 1 or type 2 diabetes and usually involves:

  • Metformin: This is often the first treatment option, as it helps the body use insulin more effectively.
  • Insulin therapy: Many people with type 3c diabetes require insulin earlier than those with type 2 diabetes, especially if they are losing weight.
  • Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT): If your pancreas is not producing enough digestive enzymes, you may need enzyme supplements to help with digestion.
  • Diet and lifestyle changes: Your healthcare team may recommend a tailored diet plan to help manage blood sugar levels and digestive issues.

Regular monitoring and follow-ups with your healthcare team are essential to ensure you receive the right treatment and support.

Getting support

A type 3c diabetes diagnosis can be difficult to process, and you may experience frustration or emotional distress. It can help to talk to others with the condition. You can access support through NHS resources or organisations related to conditions linked with type 3c, such as:

  • Pancreatic Cancer UK
  • Haemochromatosis UK
  • Cystic Fibrosis Trust

If you need further advice or support, speak to your healthcare provider or contact a diabetes support service.

Type 3 Diabetes vs. Type 3c Diabetes

The term type 3 diabetes has sometimes been used to describe a possible link between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. However, this is different from type 3c diabetes, which is caused by pancreatic damage. Research is ongoing into the relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's to understand the potential connections better.